When only a small area of pigmented skin remains with extensive generalized vitiligo, it is called vitiligo universalis. They are generalized, universal, acro-facial, mucosal and focal vitiligo. There are five different classes of non-segmental vitilgo. Non segmental vitiligo appears symmetrically. It is not known to be associated with autoimmune illnesses. Segmental vitiligo spreads rapidly but responds well to treatment. The appearance, shape, color, and size changes from patient to patient. Segmental vitiligo appears on one side only, especially in areas associated with dorsalroot supply. Some viruses are known to affect skin cells specifically. Exaggerated inflammatory reaction releases toxic substances that damage and destroy melanocytes. Injury may be due to viruses, bacteria or chemicals. Inflammation is a tissue reaction to injurious agents. Oxidative stress theory suggests that toxic oxygen metabolites formed in normal body mechanisms destroy melanocytes. In vitiligo, TYR gene makes melanocytes more susceptible to immune mediated damage. TYR gene, which helps destroy cancer cells in malignant melanoma, is also present in vitiligo patients. Some suggest that it is autoimmune, where the body’s immune system acts against melanocytes destroying them. Although the exact cause for vitiligo is a mystery, there are many theories explaining the pathophysiology. When melanocyte function deteriorates the skin loses its color. Skin color is a result of a pigment called melanin produced in melanocytes. This article will discuss in detail what vitiligo is, what its clinical features, symptoms, causes, and prognosis are, and also the course of treatment it requires. Michael Jackson and Jon Hamm had vitiligo. Vitiligo is the medical term for leukoderma, and there is no difference between vitiligo and leukoderma. The vitiligo and the leucoderma (leukoderma) are the same thing.
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